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Jean-Jacques d'Ortous de Mairan
Jean-Jacques d'Ortous de Mairan (26 November 1678 – 20 February 1771) was a French geophysicist, astronomer and most notably, chronobiologist, was born in the town of Béziers on 26 November 1678.〔 De Mairan lost his father, François d'Ortous, at age four and his mother twelve years later at age sixteen.
Over the course of his life, de Mairan was elected into numerous scientific societies and made key discoveries in a variety of fields including ancient texts and astronomy. His observations and experiments also inspired the beginning of what is now known as the study of biological circadian rhythms. At the age of 92, de Mairan died of pneumonia in Paris on 20 February 1771.
==Biography ==
De Mairan attended college in Toulouse from 1694–1697 with a focus in ancient Greek.〔 In 1698 he went to Paris to study mathematics and physics under the teachings of Nicolas Malebranche.〔 In 1702, he returned home to Béziers and began his lifelong study of several fields, most notably astronomy and plant rhythms.〔 Furthermore, during his time in Béziers, he ate every day with Cardinal de Fleury; later, de Mairan founded his society under the protection of Cardinal de Fleury.〔
Eventually, de Mairan received official lodging in the Louvre where he remained pensionnaire until 1743 and served as secretary from 1741 to 1743.〔 In 1746, he was reinstated as pensionnaire geometre, or full-time boarding surveyor. It is reported that the Prince of Conti and other great lords heaped extravagant gifts upon him. He was also secretary to the Duke of Orléans.〔
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